极度和非常早产的青少年的执行功能挑战
Samantha J Lee1, Lianne J Woodward1, Stephanie Moor2
1School of Health Sciences and Canterbury Child Development Research Group, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Frontiers in psychology
|December 26, 2024
概括
非常早产 (VPT) 的孩子在青春期面临执行功能 (EF) 的挑战. 新生儿的医疗复杂性和大脑异常介绍了早产和以后的EF缺陷之间的联系,突出了持续支持的需要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 非常早产 (VPT;<32周怀孕) 的孩子具有更高的执行功能 (EF) 困难的风险.
- 对于青春晚期VPT个体所面临的特定EF概况和挑战的了解有限,特别是在不同的EF领域和不同的任务需求中.
研究的目的:
- 确定17岁非常早产 (VPT) 和满期 (FT) 青少年的执行功能 (EF) 概况.
- 调查妊娠年龄 (GA) 和随后的EF性能之间的关系.
- 确定影响VPT个体EF结果的新生儿预测因子.
主要方法:
- 采用了前性纵向研究设计.
- 执行功能 (EF) 在92名17岁的非常早产 (VPT) 和68名满期 (FT) 青少年中进行了评估.
- 怀孕年龄 (GA) 和新生儿因素,包括医疗复杂性和白质异常,与EF结果相关分析.
主要成果:
- 与FT同龄人相比,VPT青少年在工作记忆,计划和认知灵活性方面的表现较差.
- 在极度早产 (GA<28周) 和在高认知负载条件下出生的人群中观察到最显著的EF缺陷.
- 妊娠年龄 (GA) 对EF的影响完全由新生儿医学复杂性和白质异常解释.
结论:
- 对于非常早产 (VPT) 的人来说,长期的认知支持至关重要.
- 新生儿的医疗和神经风险是调解早产和执行功能 (EF) 缺陷之间的关联的关键因素.
- 针对这些风险的有针对性的干预措施有可能减轻长期的认知挑战.
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