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估计哺乳动物中不适应的有益突变的比例
Thibault Latrille1, Julien Joseph2, Diego A Hartasánchez1
1Department of Computational Biology, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
PLoS genetics
|December 26, 2024
概括
有益的非适应性突变,可以恢复失去的健康状况,在哺乳动物中被预测和积极选择. 这些突变占有益突变的很大一部分,挑战了选择仅仅驱动适应环境变化的观点.
科学领域:
- 分子进化是分子进化的过程.
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 突变可以是适应性的,有助于环境适应,或非适应性的,恢复由于遗传漂移而失去的适应性.
- 非适应性有益突变在稳定的环境中是可预测的,但在分子进化研究中基本上被忽视了.
- 检测非适应性突变是具有挑战性的,阻碍了对它们在进化中的作用的理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了重建哺乳动物蛋白质编码基因健身景观.
- 研究哺乳动物种群中有益的非适应性突变的作用和患病率.
- 评估非适应性突变对整体积极选择的贡献.
主要方法:
- 使用突变选择模型重建编码蛋白质基因适应性景观.
- 在87种哺乳动物中对多物种对齐的分析.
- 应用种群层面的选择量化方法来预测28种哺乳动物种群中多形态的适应性影响.
主要成果:
- 健身景观被成功重建,使得可以预测突变的健身效应.
- 证实了有益的非适应性突变在现存哺乳动物种群中处于积极选择状态.
- 这些突变占28个分析种群中的24个种群中15-45%的所有有益突变.
结论:
- 哺乳动物中积极选择的很大一部分是由非适应性突变驱动的,而不仅仅是环境适应.
- 这些发现挑战了对适应性进化的专注,并强调了非适应性过程的重要性.
- 哺乳动物基因组表现出累积有害突变和通过有益的非适应性突变同时恢复的动态平衡.
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