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评估世界上最大的林业生态工程的生态影响:三北保护森林计划在最初计划的1978年至2022年的范围内
Xiao Zheng1,2, Jiaojun Zhu3,4, G Geoff Wang1,5
1CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
Science China. Life sciences
|December 26, 2024
概括
中国的三北保护森林计划 (TNP) 增加了森林覆盖面,但面临着挑战. 虽然减少了土壤侵蚀和荒漠化,但它影响了水资源和草原面积,突出了需要谨慎的生态管理的需要.
科学领域:
- 生态恢复和环境管理.
- 林业和植树科学. 林业和植树科学.
- 干旱和半干旱土地的管理.
背景情况:
- 中国的三北保护森林计划 (TNP) 是一项从1978年开始的大规模植树计划.
- 该计划旨在通过增加森林覆盖来打击荒漠化,土壤侵蚀,并保护农业.
- 尽管该计划的规模和持续时间很长,但它的有效性和生态影响仍然受到持续评估.
研究的目的:
- 对45年来TNP的影响进行全面,范围广泛的评估.
- 评估该计划在增加森林覆盖面,保护农业,减少土壤侵蚀和控制荒漠化方面取得的成功.
- 分析TNP区域内对碳捕获和水资源的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析了超过1万张卫星图像和5万张实地调查图片.
- 一致地应用最初的TNP范围 (4,070万公里2) 和1978年的定义,以便进行比较.
- 对森林覆盖面,作物产量,土壤侵蚀,荒漠化,碳捕获和水储量变化的定量评估.
主要成果:
- 在1978年至2022年期间,TNP地区的森林覆盖率从5.05%增加到9.69%.
- 植树成功率为40.1%;保护带提高了作物产量 (4.3%-9.5%),但仅保护了10.2%的农田.
- 跨越国家计划有助于减少447,363平方公里的土壤侵蚀和减少15%的荒漠化,但水储量下降,TNP贡献7.8%.
结论:
- 跨国国家计划证明了林业生态工程的可行性,用于恢复退化的干旱土地.
- 有效实施需要仔细考虑水资源承载能力和物种与地点的匹配.
- 加强植树后管理和维持生态系统平衡对于长期成功至关重要.
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