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解码大脑发育和衰老:MRI技术的开创性见解

Akifumi Hagiwara¹, Satoru Kamio, Junko Kikuta

¹From the Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.H., S.K., J.K., M.N., W.U., S.F., T.A., A.W., K.K., S.A.); Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.H., M.N., S.F.); Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.N.); Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.N.); and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia (S.N.).

Investigative radiology

|December 26, 2024

概括

衰老改变了大脑的结构和功能,可以通过磁共振成像 (MRI) 检测到. 磁力共振成像技术揭示了大脑体积,白质和组织属性的变化,有助于诊断衰老和神经退行性疾病.

科学领域:

神经成像是一种神经成像.
老年学是一门学科.
放射学放射学是一门学科.

背景情况:

衰老过程与大脑中显著的结构和微观结构变化有关.
磁共振成像 (MRI) 是可视化这些与年龄有关的变化的强大工具.
了解这些变化对于区分正常衰老和神经退行性疾病至关重要.

研究的目的:

为提供与年龄相关的大脑变化的全面概述,可通过各种MRI技术检测到.
要突出MRI如何区分正常衰老和病态状况.
讨论先进的MRI方法和AI在评估大脑年龄和识别生物标志物的作用.

主要方法:

综述各种MRI技术,包括标准MRI,流体减弱倒置恢复 (FLAIR),组织放松计,敏感性MRI和扩散MRI.
对神经流体成像技术的分析.
包括最近在机器学习和人工智能方面的进展,用于大脑年龄估计.

主要成果:

观察到的与年龄相关的变化包括灰质体积的减少,心室体积的增加,白质超强度,以及髓和铁含量的改变.
核磁共振扫描显示了组织放松性和微观结构性质的变化,例如神经元密度.
神经流体成像显示脑脊髓和间歇性流体动力学的年龄相关变化.

结论:

各种MRI技术为老年大脑中复杂的结构和组成变化提供了独特的见解.
这些发现对于区分正常衰老与神经退行过程以及开发有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
人工智能驱动的大脑年龄估计为神经和精神疾病提供了有前途的生物标志物.

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