苏黎世湖沉积物中的锡污染:来源,传播,历史和风险评估
Remo L Roethlin1,2, Aurélia C E Meister3, Adrian Gilli4
1Department of Surface Waters Research and Management, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf, 8600 Switzerland.
Swiss journal of geosciences
|December 27, 2024
概括
从1890年代开始,工业丝染染活动在苏黎世湖沉积物中造成了大量锡 (Sn) 污染. 尽管含量很高,但锡与沉积物结合,对水生生物或饮用水没有威胁.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 地质化学 地质化学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
背景情况:
- 工业活动,特别是瑞士萨尔维尔的丝染料,导致苏黎世湖沉积物中严重的锡 (Sn) 污染.
- 了解这种历史污染的来源,传播和长期影响对于环境评估至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定苏黎世湖沉积物中锡污染的来源,历史传播和年龄.
- 评估沉积的的流动性和潜在的生态风险.
主要方法:
- 进行X射线光 (XRF) 核扫描和地化学分析,绘制Sn分布和厚度的地图.
- 扫描电子显微镜用能量分散式XRF光谱 (SEM-EDX) 进行成像,以识别Sn化合物.
- 对化沉积物核心和化层进行分析,以确定污染时间表和重新动员.
- 使用透析板进行现场孔水分析,以评估Sn的移动性.
主要成果:
- 在沉积物中发现了较高的Sn水平,随着距离前丝工厂的距离而显著下降.
- 沉积物核心分析表明,污染始于1890年代初,在1900年左右达到顶峰,并在20世纪40年代下降.
- 泥中的高度显示通过质量运动重新调动,但现场测量显示在湖水中的释放最小.
结论:
- 染丝的历史锡污染在苏黎世湖沉积物中得到了很好的定义.
- 锡主要在沉积物中固定,这是由于减少条件和高硫化物含量.
- 锡的低流动性和低毒性表明,对湖泊的生态系统或供水没有重大威胁.
相关概念视频
01:17Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
384
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
384
01:25Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium
71
Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella,...
71