听力损失类型对儿童语言发展的影响:一项跨部门研究
Nadia Porcar-Gozalbo1, Miguel López-Zamora2, Beatriz Valles-González1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain.
Audiology research
|December 27, 2024
概括
儿童听力损失对语言发育有重大影响,其类型和严重程度是关键因素. 早期诊断和干预对于改善受影响儿童的语言结果至关重要.
科学领域:
- 儿科听力学和语言发展.
- 临床语言学和沟通障碍 临床语言学和沟通障碍
背景情况:
- 儿童听力损失对语言和认知发展构成重大挑战,影响了语法,语义和务实等基本语言技能.
- 儿童未经治疗的听力缺陷严重损害了有效的沟通和社会融合.
研究的目的:
- 分析各种类型和程度的儿童听力损失对语言发展的影响.
- 确定临床因素,包括诊断时的年龄和语言干预的持续时间,这些因素可以预测语言表现.
主要方法:
- 140名儿童 (6-12岁) 按听力状况分组:单侧/双侧导电,神经传感,混合听力损失和对照组.
- 使用临床语言基础评估-5 (CELF-5) 评估语言发展.
- 统计分析 (MANOVA,多重回归) 用于比较语言技能和确定预测性临床变量.
主要成果:
- 在所有听力损失组中观察到语言领域的统计学上显著差异 (p < 0.001).
- 患有严重或双边听力损失的儿童比正常听力同龄人得分明显低.
- 听力损失类型是语言表现的最强预测因素 (β = -0.674),其次是诊断时的年龄 (β = -0.285) 和助听器适应 (β = -0.220).
结论:
- 早期和全面的听力和语言干预对于改善听力障碍儿童的语言结果至关重要.
- 及时诊断和适应听力设备 (助听器,耳植入物) 对于减轻语言缺陷至关重要,特别是在语法和务实学方面.
- 建议根据听力损失的具体类型和严重程度进行专门的长期干预,以增强语言发展.
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