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年轻运动员在短跑和长跃比赛中的性别差异和表现变化
Eduard Bezuglov1,2, Evgeniy Achkasov2, Timur Vakhidov1,2
1High Performance Sports Laboratory, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 27, 2024
概括
体育表现的性别差异出现在11岁左右,男孩表现更高的冲刺和远跳结果. 性能改善与增长激增有关,这表明年轻运动员的年龄特定类别.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动 人类运动
- 儿童田径运动 儿童田径运动
背景情况:
- 年轻运动员的运动表现受到生物成熟的影响.
- 了解性别特异性绩效轨迹对于人才发展至关重要.
- "Shipovka Yunykh"锦标赛为分析青少年运动表现提供了有价值的数据集.
研究的目的:
- 分析年轻运动员冲刺和远跳表现的发展动态.
- 为了确定这些体育赛事中性别差异的年龄.
- 研究性能变化与生物成熟之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 分析了1249名男性和1497名10-15岁女性的60米冲刺和远跳数据.
- 包括"希波夫卡尤尼克"国家锦标赛 (2017-2019) 年龄组前50名成绩.
- 两性之间以及跨年龄组的绩效指标的统计比较.
主要成果:
- 11-12岁的男孩比11-12岁的女孩更明显地表现出更高的冲刺和远跳表现.
- 显著的性能增长发生在12-13岁的男孩 (长跳) 和10-11 (冲刺) 之间.
- 女孩在12-13岁 (长跳) 和11-12岁 (冲刺) 之间表现出显著改善,性别差异在11岁左右.
结论:
- 冲刺和远跳表现的性别差异在年轻运动员中在11岁左右显而易见.
- 青春期成长冲刺的时间显著影响了表现动态.
- 建议针对特定年龄的竞争类别,以确保公平有效的运动发展.
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