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极端的热压力和计划外的住院住院
Wen-Qiang He1,2, Gavin Pereira3, Nan Hu4
1Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Pediatrics
|December 27, 2024
概括
极端的热浪显著增加了儿童因传染病和与热相关的疾病而访问急诊室和住院的次数. 年龄较小的儿童和贫困地区的儿童面临更高的风险,这凸显了针对性公共卫生战略的必要性.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 儿科公共卫生 儿科公共卫生
- 气候变化的影响 气候变化的影响
背景情况:
- 热应激对儿童健康构成重大,但尚未研究的威胁.
- 现有的指标可能无法完全捕捉极端高温对儿童群体的健康负担.
- 了解热量和儿童住院之间的联系对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查通过通用热气候指数 (UTCI) 测量的极端热应激与儿科急诊室 (ED) 访问和入院之间的联系.
- 量化热浪日期间与非热浪日相比,急救诊所和住院住院的风险增加.
- 确定受热应激影响不成比例的儿童的脆弱子组.
主要方法:
- 采用基于人口的案例交叉研究设计,分析来自澳大利亚新南威尔士的数据 (2001年7月 - 2020年6月).
- 热浪日被定义为连续两天或更多天,每日最大UTCI在95百分点或以上.
- 用分布式滞后非线性回归模型与准波桑分布来估计相对风险.
主要成果:
- 热浪日与急救诊所和因传染病和肠炎住院的病例增加5-17%有关.
- 在热浪期间,与热量相关的疾病,急救诊所和住院病人的数量大幅增加了78-104%.
- 一岁以下的婴儿和来自弱势地区的儿童对与热有关的疾病的脆弱性增加.
结论:
- 全球热气候指数 (UTCI) 提供了一个比单独的环境温度更全面的衡量极端高温对儿童健康的影响.
- 极端高温显著增加了儿童感染和与高温相关的住院住院的风险.
- 这些发现支持制定有针对性的,以区域为基础的战略,以保护极端高温事件期间的弱势儿童.
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