推理和解释与精神病特征相关的认知偏见:一个总体审查
Crystal Samson1,2, Audrey Livet3,4, Andy Gilker5
1Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
PloS one
|December 27, 2024
概括
这次审查发现了中等到高质量的证据,将特定的认知偏见 (如外部化和信念不灵活性) 与精神病联系起来. 然而,其他偏见的证据仍然很弱,干预表明对精神病中的认知偏见的影响很小.
科学领域:
- 精神病学和认知神经科学
- 研究认知过程与精神病障碍之间的复杂关系.
背景情况:
- 几十年来,认知偏见与精神分裂症和精神病有关,但证据质量受到争议.
- 了解这些偏见对于开发治疗精神病的有效干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地审查精神病中认知偏见的证据质量.
- 总结与精神病特征相关的推理和解释偏差的影响大小.
- 检查心理干预对精神病认知偏差的影响.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南进行了总体审查.
- 利用GRADE系统评估16个元分析中的128个分析的证据质量.
- 专注于精神病障碍,症状或风险的个体的推理和解释偏见.
主要成果:
- 中等到高质量的证据,对精神病中的外部化和自我服务偏见具有中等到大效果.
- 适度到高质量的证据表明,在活跃的妄想中,信念不灵活.
- 适度质量的证据用于得出结论的偏见;其他偏见缺乏强有力的支持.
- 心理干预 (例如,MCT) 表明对认知偏见的影响规模很小.
结论:
- 特定的认知偏见 (外部化,自我服务偏见,信念不灵活) 得到了精神病的质量证据的支持.
- 其他偏见的证据很弱或不一致,需要进一步的研究.
- 心理干预对精神病中的认知偏见有有限但明显的影响.
- 未来的研究应该集中在临床人群上,以澄清精神病-认知偏见的联系.
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