利用植物性食品有效预防慢性疾病:一项纵向队列研究
Jie Liang1,2, Yanchao Wen1,2, Jinzhu Yin3,4
1Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
NPJ science of food
|December 27, 2024
概括
发现最佳的植物性饮食,以预防慢性疾病. 蔬菜和全谷物摄入量高,对坚果,种子和精制谷物进行性别特定的调整,可以防止高血压,中风,心脏病发作和糖尿病.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 预防医学 预防医学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 诸如高血压,中风,心肌梗塞和糖尿病等慢性疾病对全球健康构成重大挑战.
- 饮食模式被认为是影响这些疾病风险的关键可修改因素.
- 了解最佳的植物性食物摄入量对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定八种植物性食品的最佳饮食模式,同时预防高血压,中风,心肌梗塞和糖尿病.
- 研究植物性食品摄入量与慢性疾病风险之间的关系中的性别特异性差异.
- 探索植物性饮食的剂量反应关系和非线性保护作用.
主要方法:
- 利用了中国健康与营养调查 (CHNS) 的数据.
- 应用了通用估计方程来分析基于时间的变化和性别差异.
- 使用剩余平衡权重进行时间变化的混控制和限制立方线模型进行剂量反应分析.
主要成果:
- 蔬菜和全谷物的高消费,水果,真菌和藻类的适度摄入与四种慢性疾病的风险降低有关.
- 针对性别的建议包括男性适度摄入精制谷物,女性增加坚果/种子摄入量.
- 植物性饮食表现出对慢性疾病的非线性保护作用,性别之间有不同的程度.
结论:
- 特定的植物性饮食模式可以有效地降低同时患多种慢性疾病的风险.
- 根据性别量身定制饮食建议可以增强预防效果.
- 这些发现支持促进基于植物的饮食,以预防慢性疾病和公共卫生.
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