意大利南蒂罗尔的时空模式和果园草损失的驱动因素
Alexander Schönafinger1,2, Lukas Egarter Vigl3, Erich Tasser3
1Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, Bolzano/Bozen, 39100, Italy. alexander.schoenafinger@eurac.edu.
Scientific reports
|December 27, 2024
概括
自20世纪50年代以来,由于农业集约化和城市化,南蒂罗尔的果园草地已经减少了95%. 立即采取保护措施至关重要,以防止这些传统农林系统及其相关遗传多样性的丧失.
科学领域:
- 农业林业系统农业林业系统
- 文化景观 文化景观
- 生态系统服务生态系统服务
背景情况:
- 果园草地,传统的农林系统与分散的果树,是中欧的重要文化景观元素.
- 自20世纪中叶以来,欧洲各地的果园草地出现了显著的下降.
- 关于中欧果园草的衰退的详细空间数据仍然很少.
研究的目的:
- 为首次详细分析南蒂罗尔的果园草地开发提供.
- 评估南蒂罗尔州当前果园草地分布情况.
- 分析过去75年来它们衰退的模式和驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 利用20世纪50年代至2020年代的历史航空图像绘制果园草地分布图.
- 在指定的期间,统计分析了果园草地分布的变化.
- 确定了衰退的主要驱动因素,包括农业强化,城市化和再造林.
主要成果:
- 南提罗尔的果园草地面积急剧减少,在75年内减少了超过6,000公 (-95%).
- 损失在较低的海拔,浅坡和面向南方的方面最为明显.
- 确定的主要驱动因素:农业强化 (现代果园,草原) (64%),城市化 (23%) 和再造林 (6%).
结论:
- 南蒂罗尔的果园草地处于极度危的状态,只有0.5%的果园草地得到保护.
- 这种下降威胁到当地水果品种 (果,梨) 的遗传多样性.
- 迫切需要保护和管理战略,以保护剩余的种群,并促进果园草地作为强化农业的可持续替代品.
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