厌食症青少年的认知特征与自闭症和多动症的关系:试点研究
Sandra Rydberg Dobrescu1,2, Karin Dahlin2,3, Louise Karjalainen3
1Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
概括
患有神经性厌食症 (AN) 的青少年表现出常见的自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和ADHD特征,但在设置转移和中心连贯性方面的认知差异并未始终被发现. 没有观察到这些特征与认知缺陷之间的直接联系.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 神经性厌食症 (AN) 是一种复杂的饮食障碍,具有潜在的神经认知基础.
- 伴随性疾病,如自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 经常在患有AN的青少年中观察到.
- 了解AN的认知特征及其与这些并发症的关系对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查患有AN的青少年的认知特征,重点关注设置转移和中心连贯性.
- 检查AN认知表现与ASD和ADHD特征之间的关联.
- 探索AN青少年和他们的父母之间的认知特征相似之处.
主要方法:
- 评估设置转移和中心连贯性的神经心理学任务被管理到具有AN和健康对照的青少年女性.
- 在重量恢复后,AN组进行了重新评估.
- 在AN组中评估了父母的认知表现和ASD/ADHD特征.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,重量恢复的AN青少年在组嵌入式图形测试中表现更好.
- 两组之间在其他设置转移或中央连贯性任务中没有发现显著差异.
- 在AN组中,ASD和ADHD特征普遍存在,独立于营养状况,与观察到的认知缺陷没有相关性.
结论:
- 有限的证据支持在患有AN的青少年中存在中央连贯性缺陷,即使体重恢复后也是如此.
- 在患有AN的急性疾病或体重恢复的青少年中,并没有一致确定设置转移障碍.
- 该研究强调了ASD和ADHD特征在AN中的流行,但没有发现与评估的特定认知功能有直接关联.
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