测试少数民族和多数种族儿童中最小群体态度的普遍性
Brenda Straka1, Ashley E Jordan2, Alisha Osornio3
1University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|December 28, 2024
概括
孩子们表现出最小的群体效应,即使有任意的区别,他们也更喜欢自己的群体. 这种偏见在年长的孩子中更强烈,并且因种族而异,但与现实世界的种族偏好没有联系.
科学领域:
- 心理学科学 心理学科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 最小的群体效应表明,即使在任意的群体分配中,也存在群体内偏好.
- 以前的研究经常使用小的,不多样化的样本,限制了概括性.
- 人种/族群成员在儿童态度中的作用尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 在一个大规模的,种族多样化的幼儿样本中研究最小群体效应.
- 检查年龄和种族/民族群体成员身份如何影响最小群体态度.
- 探索最小群体态度与现实世界种族/民族群体偏好之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 这是一项合作,多地点的研究,涉及716名4-6岁儿童,来自美国五个地区.
- 对现实世界中的种族/民族内部和外部群体的最小群体态度和偏好的评估.
- 包括多种种族/族裔代表:白人,黑人,亚洲人,拉丁裔和多种族儿童.
主要成果:
- 总体样本中存在最小的群体效应,种族/族群之间没有显著差异.
- 探索性分析表明,与年幼儿童相比,年长儿童的最小群体效应更强.
- 在白人儿童中,最小群体效应比黑人儿童更明显;在最小群体态度和种族群体偏好之间没有发现联系.
结论:
- 这些发现强调了需要大量,多样化的样本来验证心理理论的必要性.
- 年龄和特定的种族/族群成员身份似乎会减轻最小群体效应.
- 超出简单的内组/外组偏见之外的因素可能会塑造幼儿的种族态度.
相关概念视频
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
90.0K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.0K
02:16Surveys
14.7K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
14.7K
02:01Group Design
8.9K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
8.9K
02:16Stereotype Content Model
14.0K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.0K
01:27Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
30
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
30
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
22
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
22