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在山地跑步比赛中分析竞争需求:以跑步功率为基础的方法

Juan Rodríguez-Medina¹, Belén Carballo-Leyenda¹, Jorge Gutiérrez-Arroyo¹

¹Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain.

International journal of sports physiology and performance

|December 28, 2024

概括

山地跑步的强度随着比赛的持续时间而有很大变化. 较短,较的比赛需要更高的强度,而较长的比赛需要更多的低强度努力,但较低的正常训练负载.

科学领域:

运动生理学运动生理学
运动科学运动科学运动科学
山地跑步生物力学生物力学

背景情况:

山地跑步包括各种形式的比赛,从短的垂直登到超级马拉松.
了解这些不同比赛长度的生理和代谢需求对于运动员的训练和性能优化至关重要.
之前的研究还没有全面分析不同类别的山地跑步比赛的特定强度和负载配置文件.

研究的目的:

分析和比较不同长度的山地跑步比赛的竞争要求.
调查比赛持续时间如何影响运动强度和整体比赛负载.
评估运行功率作为衡量山地跑步运动强度的指标的实用性.

主要方法:

66名男子运动员参加了三种不同的山地比赛格式:垂直 (∼3公里,≤1000米的海拔),天空 (∼25公里,≤3000米的海拔) 和SkyUltra (∼80公里,≤9000米的海拔).
运动强度和总负荷 (TL) 用跑力 (W·kg-1),心率 (HRmax) 和感知劳动力 (RPE) 的评级来测量.
分析了数据以比较强度,最大功率输出,超过门的时间,以及跨比赛类型的正常化竞争负载.

主要成果:

垂直比赛表现出最高的运动强度 (3.9 W·kg-1,93.6% HRmax,9.5 RPE),超过呼吸补偿值的时间比例最大.
SkyUltra比赛大部分时间都以低强度进行,但表现出最高的整体训练负载 (TL).
当规范化为比赛时间时,SkyUltra比赛的强度指标 (kJ·min-1,AU·m-1) 与垂直和天空比赛相比较低.

结论:

山地比赛的需求受到比赛持续时间的重大影响,较短的比赛要求更高的峰值强度.
跑步功率是量化运动强度和山地跑步需求的可行工具.
这项研究为不同的山地跑步比赛类别的生理特征提供了宝贵的见解,有助于训练处方和性能分析.

关键词:

在 RPE RPE 的情况下,运动强度运动强度心率的心跳是如何发生的.负载负载负载负载负载负载.步道运行步道运行步道运行

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