关于从密度函数理论计算中对原子间潜力的局部贡献的机器学习能力
Mahboobeh Babaei1, Ali Sadeghi2,3
1Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
Scientific reports
|December 29, 2024
概括
机器学习的原子间潜力 (MLIP) 与分子和有缺陷的材料的远程效应作斗争. MLIP最适合用于具有纯几何变形的散装材料,需要纠正化学缺陷.
科学领域:
- 计算材料科学 计算材料科学
- 量子化学是一种量子化学.
- 机器学习是机器学习.
背景情况:
- 机器学习原子间潜力 (MLIPs) 是先进的经典力场,可以预测来自局部环境的原子能量和力.
- 一个关键的假设是,原子贡献只能从短距离的本地环境中学习,确保可扩展性和可转移性.
研究的目的:
- 在MLIP中挑战当地的原子贡献可学习性的假设.
- 研究各种材料中电子密度和静电电位扰动的空间范围.
主要方法:
- 使用密度函数理论 (DFT) 的计算.
- 量化了因应电子密度和静电潜力的衰变,以应对局部扰动.
- 分析了不同维度的绝缘,半导体和金属样本,包括分子,薄层和散装晶体.
主要成果:
- 分子和薄层中的干扰没有局部化,质疑这些系统中MLIPs的局部原子贡献的可学习性.
- 散装材料中的杂质或空隙诱导的静电效应缓慢衰变,在最近的邻居之外仍然显著.
- 散装材料中的几何变形在第一个邻居中表现出局部效应,诱导消失的Yukawa类型潜力.
结论:
- 由于非局部效应,MLIPs的可学习性和可转移性对于分子和低维系统是可疑的.
- MLIP主要适用于经历纯几何变形 (例如,形状搜索,热性质) 的散装材料.
- 在本地环境中训练有素的MLIP在处理杂质或空缺等化学重大缺陷时需要对远程静电效应进行校正.
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