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相关概念视频

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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在物质使用障碍中的皮质可塑性差异.

Qing-Ming Liu1,2,3, Molly Lucas4,5, Faizan Badami4,5

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.

Fundamental research
|December 30, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究使用TMS-EEG来探索海洛因或甲基胺使用障碍患者的皮质可塑性. 健康对照组显示了阿尔法和β功率的显著变化,与物质使用障碍患者不同,表明不同的大脑可塑性.

关键词:
皮层可塑性是指皮层的可塑性.这是海洛因.甲基胺是一种甲基胺.药物使用障碍 药物使用障碍跨的磁刺激与同时进行的脑电图.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 成研究 研究成研究
  • 大脑的可塑性 大脑的可塑性

背景情况:

  • 涉及阿片类药物和精神兴奋剂的物质使用障碍 (SUD) 构成了重大的公共卫生挑战.
  • 关于海洛因和甲基胺使用障碍之间的皮质可塑性差异的研究有限.
  • 了解这些差异对于开发有针对性的干预措施至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究和比较海洛因使用障碍 (HUD) 和甲基胺使用障碍 (MUD) 患者与健康对照者的皮质可塑性.
  • 使用同时进行的跨磁刺激和脑电图 (TMS-EEG) 来评估神经生理反应.
  • 探索重复性横磁刺激 (rTMS) 在调节大脑活动方面的潜力及其对成治疗的影响.

主要方法:

  • 采用并发的TMS-EEG来收集35名HC,72名HUD和69名MUD受试者的数据.
  • 使用自动化文物拒绝算法 (ARTIST) 来处理数据.
  • 分析了使用线性混合效应模型在单次rTMS会话之前和之后在F3,F4和P3刺激部位的α和β功率的变化.

主要成果:

  • 健康对照组在rTMS后的P3部位表现出α功率显著下降,F3部位表现出β功率显著增加.
  • 患有HUD和MUD的个体在P3位点的α功率或F3位点的β功率没有显著变化.
  • 在单次rTMS会话后,HC和两个SUD组之间观察到阿尔法频段功率的显著差异.

结论:

  • 皮质可塑性在海洛因使用障碍,甲基胺使用障碍和健康对照患者之间有显著差异.
  • TMS-EEG有效地揭示了这些差异性可塑性效应.
  • rTMS显示出作为一种工具来研究药物使用障碍的基于可塑性的干预措施的潜力.