疫苗接种犹及其对儿科免疫覆盖率的影响:系统性审查
Sahar Ali Osman Mohamed Elawad1, Azza Abdelbagi Yagoub Mohammed2, Samia Ahmed Ali Karar3
1Pediatrics, Armed Forces Hospital, Jazan, SAU.
Cureus
|December 30, 2024
概括
由于神话和错误信息导致的疫苗接种犹,严重影响了全球儿童免疫覆盖率. 解决社会经济和健康素养因素对于改善儿童疫苗接种率至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 常规接种疫苗的不情愿是影响超过190个国家的重大全球健康问题.
- 疫苗接种犹在全球范围内对儿科免疫覆盖面构成重大威胁.
研究的目的:
- 综合当前关于疫苗接种犹的证据.
- 分析犹对儿科免疫覆盖率的影响.
主要方法:
- 在四个主要数据库 (Scopus,科学网,PubMed/EMBASE,CINAHL) 进行系统的文献搜索.
- 包括/排除标准适用于4085项初步研究,导致23项符合条件的研究.
- 使用纽卡斯尔-太华尺度对23项涉及来自30多个国家的29131名参与者的研究进行质量评估和风险偏差评估.
主要成果:
- 确定了导致疫苗接种犹的多个因素,包括文化习俗,经济因素,谣言,神话,误解,医疗保健专业人士的影响和感知到的疫苗风险.
- 在儿童群体中,疫苗接种犹和免疫覆盖率降低之间有明确的联系.
- 强调了犹的复杂性,受需求侧 (社会经济) 和供应侧 (健康素养,沟通) 因素的影响.
结论:
- 解决疫苗接种犹问题需要采取多方面的方法,针对社会经济决定因素和提高健康素养.
- 打击错误信息,确保清晰的沟通,促进基于证据的信息是必不可少的策略.
- 定期监测和研究对于开发有效的干预措施来提高儿科免疫率至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:51Vaccinations
54.3K
Overview
54.3K
01:23Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
811
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
811
01:17Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
496
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
496
01:24Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism
352
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
352
01:26Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
388
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
388
01:21Vaccines
53
Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
53