均衡饮食与植物性饮食相比,与2型糖尿病的风险较低有关
Bing Kang1, Xiaoqin Yin2, Deqing Chen3
1Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
Diabetes research and clinical practice
|December 30, 2024
概括
与植物性饮食相比,均衡饮食显著降低糖尿病风险. 这可能是由于与均衡饮食模式相关的特定蛋白质,为糖尿病预防提供了新的见解.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 代谢健康 代谢健康
- 慢性疾病流行病学 慢性疾病流行病学
背景情况:
- 植物性饮食提供健康益处,但可能缺乏必需的营养素.
- 植物性饮食中的营养缺乏可能会限制它们在疾病预防中的应用.
- 均衡饮食与植物性饮食在降低糖尿病风险方面的比较有效性需要研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较均衡饮食与植物性饮食在降低2型糖尿病发病风险方面的有效性.
- 确定潜在的分子机制,特别是标志性蛋白质,是饮食和糖尿病风险之间的关联的基础.
主要方法:
- 在环境-炎症-代谢疾病研究 (EIMDS) 中使用问卷进行横截面分析.
- 在英国生物银行使用健康 (hPDI) 和不健康 (uPDI) 的植物性饮食指数进行前性分析.
- 均衡饮食的定义是每天消费5种食物类别和至少12种食物类型.
- 蛋白质组数据分析和基于总结数据的门德尔随机化 (SMR) 来探索因果关系.
主要成果:
- 在EIMDS中,与植物性饮食相比,均衡饮食与较低的糖尿病风险 (OR 0.65,95% CI 0.44-0.95) 有关.
- 在英国生物库中,在排除不健康的植物性饮食后,均衡饮食显示糖尿病风险降低 (HR 0.86,95% CI 0.77-0.95).
- 蛋白质组分析显示,107种下调和2种上调的蛋白质与糖尿病风险相关.
- SMR确定了均衡饮食 (AGR2,DBI,IL17RA,SERPINH1) 的下调特征蛋白和降低糖尿病发病率之间的因果关系.
结论:
- 与植物性饮食相比,坚持均衡的饮食与糖尿病的风险较低有关.
- 特定的特征蛋白,包括AGR2,DBI,IL17RA和SERPINH1,可能会调解均衡饮食对糖尿病的保护作用.
- 研究结果表明,强调平衡和营养多样性的饮食模式可能比严格的植物性饮食更有效预防糖尿病.
相关概念视频
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.2K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.2K
Carbohydrate Metabolism
10.8K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
10.8K
Cancer Prevention
6.0K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
6.0K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
234
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
234
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.4K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.4K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
503
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
503


