解读非编码RNA在脂肪肉瘤发展中的作用:转化治疗进步的挑战和机遇
Zhi Xiong Chong1,2, Wan Yong Ho3, Swee Keong Yeap4
1NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
Non-coding RNA research
|December 31, 2024
概括
非编码RNAs (ncRNAs) 在脂质瘤的发展和进展中至关重要. 虽然许多ncRNA显示出作为诊断生物标志物和治疗点的潜力,但需要进一步的大规模研究来确认它们的临床实用性.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 脂质肉瘤是一种流行的软组织肉瘤,表现出与分子亚型相关的可变预后.
- 非编码RNAs (ncRNAs),包括microRNAs (miRNAs) 和长非编码RNAs (lncRNAs),调节基因表达,并涉及致癌.
- 对ncRNAs的调节失调显著影响脂质肉瘤的发展和通过各种细胞途径的进展.
研究的目的:
- 审查和综合关于ncRNAs在脂瘤瘤中的瘤调节作用的发现.
- 阐明ncRNAs在控制脂肉瘤进展中的机制性作用.
- 批判性地评估ncRNAs作为诊断生物标志物和治疗瘤管理中的治疗点的翻译潜力.
主要方法:
- 在过去15年里,对脂质肉瘤中ncRNA的基础和临床研究进行了全面的文献综述.
- 对研究研究ncRNAs瘤调节功能的比较分析.
- 对ncRNAs临床应用的证据的批判性评估.
主要成果:
- 超过15个ncRNA被确定为通过apoptosis,WNT/β-catenin和EMT等途径作为脂质瘤发育的关键调节者.
- 确定了28个调高和11个调低的ncRNA作为潜在的诊断生物标志物.
- miR-155和miR-195显示出对脂肪瘤检测,亚型和预测患者结果的希望.
结论:
- ncRNAs在脂肪肉瘤的发病和进展中起着重要的作用.
- 某些ncRNAs,特别是miR-155和miR-195,显示出作为生物标志物和治疗点的潜力.
- 较大的多中心研究对于验证ncRNAs在脂瘤瘤管理中的临床实用性和安全性至关重要.
相关概念视频
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
8.4K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.4K
MicroRNAs
2.9K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
2.9K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
11.3K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.3K
Experimental RNAi
6.0K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.0K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
16.3K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.3K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
3.6K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.6K


