乳牛相关的H5N1病毒中的单一突变增加了受体结合宽度
Marina R Good1, Monica L Fernández-Quintero2, Wei Ji1
1Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Nature communications
|December 31, 2024
概括
最近在美国奶牛中发现的H5N1禽流感病毒对鸟类受体的结合性增加. 一种突变 (T199I) 增强了受体结合部位的灵活性,可能扩大了H5N1的宿主范围.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 在美国的奶牛中发生了前所未有的Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1禽流感病毒爆发.
- 了解病毒进化和宿主适应在新出现的疫情期间至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查最近的H5N1病毒是否改变了它们的酸受体结合特性.
- 为了确定任何观察到的受体结合变化背后的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 从历史和最近的H5N1病毒中选复合血质素 (HA),使用糖微阵列.
- 对与终端α2,3和α2,6酸结合甘氨酸的分析.
- 分子动力学模拟和冷电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 结构确定.
- 部位定向突变发生,以确定影响结合的关键突变.
主要成果:
- 从最近的乳牛分离物 (A/Texas/37/2024) 中获得的H5对α2,3酸甘氨酸 (鸟类受体) 的结合宽度增加.
- 没有检测到与α2,6酸甘 (人类受体) 的结合.
- 与2022年H5N1菌株相比,A/Texas/37/2024 H5显示出更大的受体结合部位灵活性.
- 一个单一的突变,T199I,在受体结合部位之外,被确定是通过增强灵活性来增加结合宽度的原因.
结论:
- 最近的H5N1病毒,包括奶牛中的病毒,正在发展出更广泛的受体结合能力.
- T199I突变有助于增加受体结合点的灵活性,并可能改变H5N1的宿主范围和热带性.
- 这些发现突出了禽流感病毒的动态演变及其对宿主适应的潜力.
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