创新还是收购? 减排战略和可再生能源技术的作用
Zahra Moqadassi1, Iman Miremadi1, Hossein Khajehpour2
1Graduate School of Management and Economics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
PloS one
|December 31, 2024
概括
可再生能源进口在经合组织国家显著减少二氧化碳排放. 国内可再生能源研发投资只能在高投资,高排放地区降低排放.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 能源政策 能源政策
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
背景情况:
- 气候变化缓解战略包括投资可再生能源 (RE) 研究,开发和示范 (RD&D).
- 进口外国可再生能源技术是技术转让和增加可再生能源份额的关键道.
- 评估国内研发和技术进口对二氧化碳排放的影响对于有效的气候政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估公共支出对可再生能源的研发和进口可再生能源技术对28个经合组织国家的能源相关二氧化碳排放的影响.
- 根据RERD投资水平和二氧化碳排放,分析这些影响的区域差异.
- 为优化RERD投资和技术进口提供政策建议,以缓解气候变化.
主要方法:
- 2011年至2020年,小组对28个经合组织国家的数据分析.
- 计量经济学技术包括普通最小平方 (OLS),固定效应和两步系统的通用时刻方法 (GMM).
- 根据RERD投资和二氧化碳排放水平,将国家分为四个区域,以捕捉区域异质性.
主要成果:
- 可再生能源进口对整个面板和低RERD/低排放地区的二氧化碳排放产生重大负面影响.
- 可再生能源的研发投资只能在高RERD/高排放地区有效降低二氧化碳排放.
- 区域差异显著减轻了RERD,RE进口和CO2排放之间的关系.
结论:
- 在经合组织国家,进口可再生能源是减少与能源相关的二氧化碳排放的一种始终有效的战略.
- 国内可再生能源研发和开发在减少二氧化碳排放方面的有效性取决于环境,主要受益于高投资,高排放地区.
- 考虑区域RERD能力和排放水平的有针对性的政策是必要的,以优化通过可再生能源技术的气候缓解努力.
相关概念视频
Bioremediation
18.0K
Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
18.0K
Radiation: Applications
1.1K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
The average...
1.1K
The Carbon Cycle
36.5K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
36.5K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.0K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.0K
Sustainable Development
13.1K
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
13.1K
Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂
10.9K
The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
10.9K


