对工作记忆和学习到学习的生物可信的封闭循环神经网络
Alexandra R van den Berg1,2, Pieter R Roelfsema2,3,4,5, Sander M Bohte1,6
1Machine Learning Group, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
PloS one
|December 31, 2024
概括
这项研究介绍了RECOLLECT,一个用于生物学上可信的超级学习的新型神经网络. RECOLLECT通过使用本地规则来保留或忘记信息来有效地学习,模仿动物的学习.
科学领域:
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 学习学习,或超级学习,加速知识的获取,但当前的人工神经网络经常使用生物学上不合理的学习规则.
- 用于元学习的循环神经网络通常缺乏可解释性和大脑可映射性,通常依赖于时间反向传播,这在生物学上是不可行的.
研究的目的:
- 为超级学习提出一种新的,生物学上可信的神经网络模型,可以克服现有方法的局限性.
- 开发一个能够灵活保留和忘记信息的网络,只使用本地学习规则.
主要方法:
- 介绍RECOLLECT,一个带有单个内存门的封闭内存网络,用于灵活的信息管理.
- 训练RECOLLECT使用生物学上可信的试错学习,仅依赖本地信息.
- 评估RECOLLECT在一个支持/反对saccade任务和一个反向盗任务上.
主要成果:
- 在pro/anti-saccade任务中,RECOLLECT成功地学会了在延长的记忆延迟中表示与任务相关的信息.
- 该网络展示了在试验结束时有效地冲洗其内存的能力.
- 在反向强盗任务中,RECOLLECT展示了meta-learning能力,获得了有效的策略.
结论:
- RECOLLECT为meta-learning提供了一个生物可信的框架,利用本地信息和灵活的内存.
- 该网络的学习解决方案与动物学习策略有相似之处,这表明模拟认知过程的潜力.
- 这项工作推动了可解释和类似大脑的人工智能系统的发展.
相关概念视频
01:24Working Memory
82
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
82
01:35Long-term Potentiation
54.4K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
54.4K
01:23Storage
45
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
45
01:26Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory
516
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
516
01:25Neural Circuits
913
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
913
01:01Neuroplasticity
238
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
238