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高致病性禽流感A (H5N1) 病毒感染人类

Shikha Garg¹, Katie Reinhart¹, Alexia Couture¹

¹Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.

The New England journal of medicine

|December 31, 2024

概括

高致病性禽流感A ((H5N1) 在接触感染动物的美国成年人中引起轻度结膜炎. 没有发生人与人之间的传播,但个人防护设备的使用率不够理想.

科学领域:

兽医医学兽医医学兽医医学
传染性疾病传染性疾病
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

高致病性禽流感A ((H5N1) 已经感染了美国的奶牛和家禽,导致人类偶尔出现病例.
这项研究详细介绍了2024年3月至10月在美国发现的人类甲型H5N1感染的特征.

研究的目的:

在美国描述人类禽流感A ((H5N1) 病毒感染的特征.
为了确定人类甲型H5N1病例的风险因素,临床表现和结果.

主要方法:

分析了实验室确认的甲型H5N1病例的数据.
使用标准化病例报告表与CDC流感A/H5亚型测试套件相关的结果.

主要成果:

在46个病例中,25个涉及乳牛暴露,20个涉及家禽暴露;一个没有确定的暴露.
大多数病例 (93%) 呈现结膜炎,49% 发烧,36% 呼吸道症状;所有病例均为轻度疾病,动物暴露者中没有住院治疗或死亡.
在87%的患者中,用奥塞拉维尔治疗,治疗开始于症状出现后的2天中位数. 在家庭接触者中没有检测到人与人之间的传播.

结论:

在美国,A(H5N1) 病毒感染主要在暴露于动物的成年人中引起轻微的短期结膜炎.
及时的抗病毒治疗是常见的,并且没有观察到人与人之间的传播.
低于最佳的个人防护设备 (PPE) 使用强调了需要加强暴露风险降低策略的必要性.

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