在人类活动密集的地区,基于实际节约水资源的水资源的最佳分配和应用
Yutong Liu1, Fawen Li1, Yong Zhao2
1State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
Journal of environmental management
|December 31, 2024
概括
水资源管理必须专注于实际的水消耗,或"真正的节水",以确保人类影响的盆地的可持续性. 齐亚河流域超过了其水资源预算,需要减少蒸发和增加水转移等战略,以实现可持续发展.
科学领域:
- 水文和水资源管理 水文和水资源管理
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 可持续发展 可持续发展 可持续发展
背景情况:
- 越来越多的水需求挑战了传统的抽水限制,特别是在人类活动密集的地区.
- 蒸发转化表示盆地的水循环中的实际用水量.
- 可持续的水资源管理需要控制总消耗,称为"实际节水",以防止耗尽.
研究的目的:
- 利用"实际节水"概念,评估齐亚河流域当前和未来的用水量.
- 开发一个优化的水资源分配模型,包括"实际节约水"以减少总消耗,促进工业结构协调,并确保区域用水公平.
- 建议在受人类严重影响的地区对水资源的可持续管理策略.
主要方法:
- 应用土壤和水资源评估工具 (SWAT) 模型和配额方法来评估用水量.
- 开发一种新的水资源优化分配模型,整合"实际节水"原则.
- 分析蒸发转化 (ET) 降低潜力和水平衡要求.
主要成果:
- 齐亚河流域的可用水消耗量在2018年超过910亿立方米,在2030年超过192亿立方米,主要是由于地下水过度抽取.
- 该研究确定了91.6亿立方米的实际ET减少潜力.
- 实现水平衡需要增加158亿立方米的水转移到齐亚河流域,通过南北水转移项目的中间路线.
结论:
- 目前的水资源管理实践不足以实现齐亚河流域的可持续用水.
- 实施"真正节水"的战略,优化水分配,并可能增加水转移对于可持续发展至关重要.
- 具体的管理策略包括设定水消耗红线,调整水转移政策,减少灌用水.
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