医疗保健融资中的公平:证据的审查
1Université catholique de Louvain, Institute de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Saint Louis (IRIS), Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de la communication Saint-Louis (ESPB), Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 43 B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
医疗保健融资机制表现出各种各样的再分配效应. 基于税收的系统是渐进的,而社会保险和共同支付可以是回归的,影响低收入家庭和收入不平等.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 公共财政是公共财政.
- 社会政策 社会政策 社会政策
背景情况:
- 医疗保健融资机制对经济公平有重大影响.
- 了解这些系统的渐进性和再分配影响对于社会福利至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查各种医疗保健融资机制的渐进性和再分配效应的经验研究.
- 确定不同收入群体和国家的医疗保健融资趋势和差异.
主要方法:
- 对医疗保健融资的经验研究进行系统审查.
- 基于融资来源 (税收,社会保险,共同支付) 的渐进性和再分配效应的分析.
主要成果:
- 基于税收的融资表现出高度的渐进性,直接税收有利于低收入家庭.
- 社会保险制度可以是渐进的,但由于缴费上限,可能会变为回归的.
- 共同支付系统经常使用回归式的固定利率,不成比例地负担低收入人群.
结论:
- 医疗保健融资系统具有不同的再分配结果,影响收入不平等.
- 低收入和中等收入国家最近的研究支持全民健康覆盖的目标.
- 对医疗保健融资的持续评估对于有效的医疗保健融资和社会公平至关重要.
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