儿童劳动在五个低收入国家的流行率和相关值:基于联合国儿童基金会多指标集群调查6 (MICS6) 的描述性研究
Nick Spencer1, Geir Gunnlaugsson2, Shanti Raman3,4
1Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK N.J.Spencer@warwick.ac.uk.
BMJ paediatrics open
|December 31, 2024
概括
非洲五个国家的近一半的儿童在童工中,其中许多处于危险的条件下. 这突显了他们健康和发育的重大风险,强调了需要采取保护措施的必要性.
科学领域:
- 儿童健康与发展
- 全球公共卫生全球公共卫生
- 影响儿童福利的社会经济因素
背景情况:
- 童工违反了保护儿童免受危险劳动和发展干扰的国际公约.
- 这项研究解决了了解非洲低收入国家童工普遍性和贡献因素的关键需求.
研究的目的:
- 确定五个低收入非洲国家童工的流行率和相关情况.
- 分析不同人口和工作类别的童工率.
主要方法:
- 利用了联合国儿童基金会在得,几内亚比绍,马拉维,塞拉利昂和多哥的第六波多指标集群调查 (MICS6) 的数据.
- 分析了儿童劳动的普遍性 (家务,经济活动,危险工作),按性别,年龄,财富五分位数和城市/农村居住区分层.
主要成果:
- 在140,598名儿童 (5-17岁) 中,有42%的儿童从事童工,其中12-14岁儿童的比例最高 (61.1%).
- 与城市 (25.6%) 和最富有的五分之一 (23.7%) 的儿童相比,农村儿童 (47.5%) 和最贫穷的五分之一 (46.9%) 的儿童在童工中的可能性要大得多.
- 超过三分之一 (35.3%) 的工作儿童面临危险的条件,老年,男性,农村或贫困儿童不成比例地代表.
结论:
- 在所研究的撒哈拉以南非洲国家,童工非常普遍,其中危险工作占有很大比例.
- 虽然MICS6数据并不直接衡量童工对健康的影响,但研究结果强烈表明,对儿童的健康和发育存在重大风险.
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