吸烟与艾滋病毒感染者的神经炎症减少和更好的认知控制有关
Arthur L Brody1,2,3, Anna K Mischel4,5, Andre Y Sanavi4,5
1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. abrody@health.ucsd.edu.
概括
吸烟的艾滋病毒感染者比不吸烟的艾滋病毒感染者更少的脑部炎症和更好的认知控制. 这些发现表明,尼古丁可能在HIV阳性个体中提供神经保护性益处.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 与艾滋病毒 (HIV+) 感染者相比,吸烟 (Smok+) 的可能性是一般人群的两倍.
- 有效的抗逆转录病毒疗法可以改善HIV+的寿命,但不能完全解决神经炎症和认知缺陷.
- 吸烟可能会降低艾滋病毒阴性个体的神经炎症标志物,促使对其在艾滋病毒+人群中的影响进行调查.
研究的目的:
- 研究吸烟对艾滋病毒感染者神经炎症和认知控制的影响.
- 测试假设,与HIV+/Smok+个体相比,HIV+/Smok+个体表现出降低的神经炎症和增强的认知控制.
主要方法:
- 59名参与者被分为四组:艾滋病毒/烟草,艾滋病毒/烟草+,艾滋病毒+/烟草和艾滋病毒+/烟草+.
- 用正子发射断层扫描 (PET) 扫描来测量神经炎症的标记物 (全脑标准化吸收值 - SUV).
- 用5个选择连续性能测试 (5C-CPT) 评估认知控制,吸烟者在测试之前禁烟.
主要成果:
- 与HIV+/Smok-参与者相比,HIV+/Smok+参与者的全脑SUV显著较低 (18.8%少).
- 艾滋病毒+/Smok-参与者比艾滋病毒/Smok-参与者显示出更高的全脑SUV (13.5%更多).
- 艾滋病毒+/吸烟+参与者在5C-CPT上表现出明显更好的认知控制 (d prime),而不是艾滋病毒+/吸烟-参与者.
结论:
- 与非吸烟者相比,吸烟的HIV+个体表现出较低的神经炎症标志物和卓越的认知控制.
- 研究结果表明,吸烟或吸烟的成分,如尼古丁,在艾滋病毒的背景下具有潜在的神经保护作用.
- 结果支持进一步研究以尼古丁为基础的干预措施,以缓解控制良好的艾滋病毒感染中神经认知并发症.
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