公平的数据 - 光子和中子社区共同迈向开放科学
B M Murphy1, A Götz2, C Gutt3
1Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
IUCrJ
|January 2, 2025
概括
在欧洲光子和中子 (PaN) 研究基础设施中获得FAIR数据需要在数据存储,元数据和管道方面做出重大努力. 用户和研究基础设施之间的合作对于成功的开放科学和数据再利用至关重要.
科学领域:
- * 物理,化学,生物学,工程,环境科学,文化遗产和医学研究.
- * 使用散射,成像和光谱方法来研究物质的行为.
- *产生大量的数据量,每天可能达到百兆字节.
背景情况:
- *全球越来越重视数据存储,可追溯性和科学研究中的重用.
- * FAIR数据原则 (可查找,可访问,可互操作,可重复使用) 越来越多地被欧盟委员会等资助机构授权.
- * 大规模的研究基础设施 (RI),特别是光子和中子 (PaN) 设施,在管理庞大的数据集方面面临挑战.
研究的目的:
- * 应对在大型研究基础设施中实施FAIR数据原则的挑战.
- * 确定研究基础设施和用户社区在获得FAIR数据方面的作用和责任.
- *为欧洲PAN设施及其用户提出一个协作框架,以促进开放科学.
主要方法:
- *白皮书概述了欧洲PAN社区内的讨论和考虑.
- *对数据存储,元数据管理和数据管道的需求分析.
- * 对碳足迹,用户身份验证,访问权限和网络安全的影响的审查.
主要成果:
- * 实施FAIR数据需要扩大存储容量和开发用于数据管理的复杂软件.
- *有效的数据管道和标准化的元数据方案对于所有实验至关重要.
- *获得FAIR数据需要研究基础设施和用户社区之间的共同努力和共同问责制.
结论:
- *研究基础设施本身无法实现向FAIR数据的过渡;用户社区的合作至关重要.
- * 需要在用户和RI之间采取统一的欧洲方法,以建立FAIR数据的共同实践.
- * 本白皮书作为开发在PaN设施中开放科学合作战略的基础.
相关概念视频
The Pauli Exclusion Principle
34.8K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
34.8K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution
935
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
935
Estimation of the Physical Quantities
4.1K
On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
4.1K
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving
1.4K
Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
1.4K
Coulomb's Law
9.0K
Experiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have an electric charge, they exert an electric force on each other. The magnitude of the force is linearly proportional to the net charge on each object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The direction of the force vector is along the imaginary line joining the two objects and is dictated by the signs of the charges involved.
Newton's third law applies to the Coulomb force — the...
Newton's third law applies to the Coulomb force — the...
9.0K
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
15.7K
Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
15.7K


