大型语言模型在采矿领域的变革潜力 电子健康记录 数据:内容分析 内容分析
Amadeo Jesus Wals Zurita1, Hector Miras Del Rio1, Nerea Ugarte Ruiz de Aguirre1
1Servicio Oncologia Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Andalusian Health Service, Seville, Spain.
JMIR medical informatics
|January 2, 2025
概括
像GPT-4这样的大型语言模型 (LLM) 在从临床报告中提取患者的并发症方面表现有希望,与人类专家的表现相匹配或超过. 这些人工智能工具为现实世界证据生成提供了高效,成本效益的数据挖掘.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 临床数据挖掘 临床数据挖掘
背景情况:
- 评估临床信息提取的大型语言模型 (LLM) 的准确性,效率和成本效益.
- 专注于在瘤电子健康记录 (EHR) 中识别和分类患者的并发症.
研究的目的:
- 将GPT-3.5和GPT-4模型的性能与专门的人类评估器进行比较.
- 评估临床数据结构中的LLM准确性,效率和成本效益.
主要方法:
- 利用OpenAI API从250个个人病史报告中提取结构化并发症数据 (JSON).
- 将LLM结果与5名放射瘤学专家的手册审查进行了比较.
- 使用的指标包括灵敏度,特异性,精度,准确性,F值和麦克纳马测试.
主要成果:
- 在关键指标上,GPT-4显著优于GPT-3.5,在关键指标上表现与医生相当或优于医生 (麦克纳马尔测试,P<.001).
- 比起GPT-3.5 (88.2%) 和医生 (88.8%),GPT-4获得了更高的灵敏度 (96.8%).
- 医生比GPT-4 (96.8%) 准确度略高 (97.7%);GPT-4显示出更高的一致性和可靠性.
结论:
- 有了有效的提示,LLM在临床报告数据提取方面可以与医疗专家相匹配或超越.
- 在大规模数据挖掘方面,LLM在时间和成本方面提供了卓越的效率.
- 人工智能工具对于现实世界的证据生成和与数据库集成是有价值的.
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