通过真核胆-转移酶的脂合成的催化和选择性的结构基础
Jacquelyn R Roberts1,2, Yasuhiro Horibata3, Frank E Kwarcinski4
1Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Nature communications
|January 2, 2025
概括
这项研究揭示了酵母CPT1的结构,详细介绍了在脂生物合成中对二甲基甘油 (DAG) 偏好和胆/乙醇胺选择性的关键残留物. 这些发现提出了CDP-酒精化酶 (CDP-APs) 的反应机制.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 脂是细胞膜的重要组成部分,对细胞结构和功能至关重要.
- 细胞脂合成主要通过肯尼迪通路发生,这是一个多步骤的酶过程.
- 最后一步涉及胺-5'-二酸盐 (CDP) -胆/CDP-乙醇胺-转化酶 (CPT/EPT) 生产酸丁胆 (PC) 和酸丁乙醇胺 (PE).
研究的目的:
- 为了阐明酵母CPT1在各种基质结合状态中的结构.
- 确定影响二甲基甘油 (DAG) 乙烯链偏好和CDP-胆/CDP-乙醇胺选择性的关键残留物.
- 基于结构和功能数据,提出CDP-酒精转化酶 (CDP-APs) 的反应机制.
主要方法:
- 用X射线结晶学来确定酵母CPT1在多个基质结合状态中的结构.
- 结合点的结构分析以确定关键氨基酸残留物.
- 功能性测试以评估DAG链偏好和胆/乙醇胺选择性.
- 一个强大的CPT1抑制剂的特征.
主要成果:
- 获得了酵母CPT1与基质和抑制剂复合的详细结构.
- 确定了控制DAG链偏好和基质选择性的关键残留物 (胆与乙醇胺).
- 结构组合提供了对CDP-酒精化酶的催化机制的见解.
结论:
- 这项研究为了解脂生物合成的特异性提供了结构基础.
- 鉴定的残留物和拟议的机制为调节脂合成提供了目标.
- 这项工作促进了我们对肯尼迪通路和CDP-AP酶家族的理解.
相关概念视频
Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane
3.0K
The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
3.0K
Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER
3.1K
Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
3.1K
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer
7.2K
Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
7.2K
Phosphoinositides and PIPs
8.4K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
8.4K
Chirality in Nature
12.9K
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
12.9K
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism
30.2K
Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
30.2K


