在一般焦虑障碍 (GAD) 患者的决策过程中,风险和奖励处理的神经调节
Vahid Nejati1,2, Jamal Amani Rad3, Amir Hosein Hadian Rasanan4
1Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran, Tehran, Iran. nejati@sbu.ac.ir.
Scientific reports
|January 2, 2025
概括
针对腹中中前额叶皮层 (vmPFC) 和背侧前额叶皮层 (dlPFC) 的跨直流刺激 (tDCS) 改善了一般焦虑障碍 (GAD) 患者的决策能力. 特定的刺激模式增强了风险评估和奖励处理.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 患有一般焦虑障碍 (GAD) 的人表现出面向未来的处理受损,奖励感知发生变化.
- 这些认知缺陷可能涉及腹中前额叶皮质 (vmPFC) 和背侧前额叶皮质 (dlPFC).
研究的目的:
- 研究跨直流刺激 (tDCS) 对GAD成年人的决策过程的影响.
- 区分vmPFC和dlPFC在奖励处理和风险评估中的作用.
主要方法:
- 29名患有GAD的成年人接受了5次tDCS,其中不同位置的电极针对vmPFC和dlPFC.
- 参与者完成了气球模拟风险承担任务 (BART) 和延迟折扣任务 (DDT).
- 用认知建模来推导基于过程的分析措施.
主要成果:
- 基于过程的措施,与基于结果的措施不同,揭示了tDCS条件的重大影响.
- 所有积极刺激条件都改善了BART中的流行率更新率和风险承担.
- 特定的tDCS配置增强了关于风险和选择稳定的先前信念.
- 延迟折扣率和决策中的随机性在阳极dlPFC和vmPFC刺激下得到改善.
结论:
- 针对vmPFC和dlPFC的tDCS可以调节GAD中的决策.
- 结果表明vmPFC在基于价值的决策和随机性方面发挥了不同的作用,而dlPFC在基于逻辑的决策方面发挥了不同的作用.
- 这些发现凸显了非侵入性脑刺激在治疗GAD认知障碍方面的潜力.
更多相关视频
07:42An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
Published on: August 2, 2018
13.5K
11:18Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
Published on: September 12, 2014
15.1K
相关概念视频
01:20Decision Making
85
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
85
01:30Generalized Anxiety Disorder
45
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
45
01:28Social Anxiety Disorder
22
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
22
01:37Reason and Intuition
6.3K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.3K
01:18Anxiety: Overview
243
Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
243
01:26Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview
224
Anxiolytic drugs are vital in managing anxiety disorders by effectively alleviating symptoms such as excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors. There are several classes of anxiolytic medications, each with unique mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic...
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic...
224