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来自动物病毒的受体结合蛋白与人类细胞进入因子在很大程度上兼容

Jérémy Dufloo¹, Iván Andreu-Moreno¹, Jorge Moreno-García¹

¹Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Universitat de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Spain.

Nature microbiology

|January 3, 2025

概括

大多数经过测试的动物病毒都能感染人类细胞,突出显示弱弱的物种间障碍. 了解病毒受体结合蛋白 (RBPs) 和宿主因素对于评估动物传播疾病风险至关重要.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
传染性疾病传染性疾病
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

动物病毒的跨物种传播对人类健康构成重大威胁.
对这些动物感染风险的系统实验评估是有限的.
病毒通过受体结合蛋白 (RBPs) 介导进入宿主细胞,是感染的关键初始步骤.

研究的目的:

通过实验评估广泛的包裹RNA病毒的动物感染潜力.
研究病毒受体结合蛋白 (RBPs) 在决定病毒进入不同细胞类型中的作用.
为了确定影响跨物种障碍的病毒感染性的因素.

主要方法:

构建病毒伪型,显示来自102种不同的包裹RNA病毒的RBP.
在5202种受体结合蛋白-细胞组合中测试这些伪型的传染性.
对细胞基因表达的分析,以确定参与病毒进入的宿主因素.

主要成果:

大多数被测试的病毒都显示出进入人类细胞的潜力.
伪型感染性在14个病毒家族之间有显著的变化,并受到RBP特征,病毒宿主和细胞类型的影响.
细胞受体的可用性并不总是病毒进入的主要决定因素,这表明额外的宿主因素的重要性.

结论:

这些发现表明,在病毒感染的早期阶段,物种间的障碍相对较弱.
这项研究有助于我们更好地了解推动病毒性动物病的分子相互作用.
结果强调,在评估病毒性动物感染潜力时,需要考虑超出受体可用性的更广泛的宿主因素.

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