乐观偏见,严重性的判断和行为变化在中国流行病的两个阶段
Dannuo Lyu1, Fanli Jia2, Xiaosong Gai3,4
1School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
Scientific reports
|January 3, 2025
概括
乐观偏见,低估个人风险的倾向,在COVID-19爆发期间存在. 这种偏见起到了有益的作用,影响了保护行为并减少了与大流行有关的焦虑.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 乐观偏见,即高估积极结果,低估负面结果的倾向,是已有充分证据的认知偏见.
- 随着COVID-19大流行,全球出现了独特的健康危机,需要对不断变化的威胁的心理反应有所了解.
研究的目的:
- 调查在中国COVID-19流行病的两个不同阶段,乐观偏见的流行率,影响因素和后果.
- 检查乐观偏见在缓解焦虑和促进保护性行为方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 在中国进行了两项横截面研究:第一项研究 (2020年2月,N=4313) 在最初爆发期间,第二项研究 (2022年12月,N=1767) 在Omicron波期间.
- 收集了与COVID-19相关的感知风险,乐观偏见,焦虑和保护行为数据.
主要成果:
- 在这两个研究时期,乐观主义偏见显而易见,尽管在Omicron浪潮期间不那么明显.
- 在最初的爆发期间,较多的确诊/疑似病例与乐观偏见的增加相关.
- 在Omicron浪潮期间,社交网络中的感染负面预测了乐观偏见,而感知到的严重程度则积极预测了它. 乐观偏见调解了感知严重程度和保护性行为之间的关系,并减弱了焦虑预测.
结论:
- 在整个COVID-19大流行期间,乐观主义偏见持续存在,适应不断变化的疫情动态.
- 这种偏见通过鼓励保护性行为和减轻与感知流行病严重程度相关的焦虑来发挥有益作用.
- 了解乐观偏见对于传染病爆发期间的公共卫生信息传递和干预至关重要.
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