部下神经:一个解剖学研究
João V Pinto1,2,3, José Loureiro4, Ricardo Vaz1,4,3
1Otorhinolaryngology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, Porto, PRT.
Cureus
|January 3, 2025
概括
这项解剖学研究揭示了下神经 (X,XI,XII) 和部标志位置的显著变化. 了解这种因性别而异的变化,对于预防部手术期间的神经损伤至关重要.
科学领域:
- 人体解剖学 解剖学 解剖学
- 手术解剖学手术解剖学
- 神经解剖学是一个神经解剖学.
背景情况:
- 下神经 (阴道神经X,辅助神经XI,下神经XII) 对于头部和部的功能至关重要.
- 它们的解剖过程和与周围结构的关系的变化可以使手术过程复杂化.
- 详细的地形数据对于手术规划和最大限度地减少阴性损伤至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 精确分析下神经 (X,XI和XII) 和关键部地标之间的距离和解剖关系.
- 调查这些解剖学变异中的潜在的性别相关差异.
- 提供与部手术相关的最新解剖数据.
主要方法:
- 部解剖是在蒂尔化尸体上进行的 (n=11,18个解剖).
- 测量和观察的重点是迷走神经,辅助神经和下神经,相对于像常见动脉,内静脉和腹腔肌肉这样的结构.
- 他们还检查了大耳神经的出现和宫前的方面.
主要成果:
- 在超过一半的病例中,迷走神经 (X) 呈现出相对于常见动脉的后侧轨道和相对于内静脉的中间轨道.
- 辅助神经 (XI) 显示相对于内静脉的位置不同,取决于剖析的水平.
- 基于性别的显著差异被观察到在下神经 (XII) 和动脉分叉之间的距离,以及尾动脉与神经XII的交叉点之间.
结论:
- 与标准的部标志相比,下神经的解剖位置,轨迹和距离存在相当大的变化.
- 这些神经的地形可能会受到性别的影响,强调需要个性化解剖评估.
- 对于外科医生来说,彻底的解剖学知识至关重要,以避免在部手术过程中无意中损伤下神经.
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