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相关概念视频

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration02:27

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration

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A system at equilibrium is in a state of dynamic balance, with forward and reverse reactions taking place at equal rates. If an equilibrium system is subjected to a change in conditions that affects these reaction rates differently (a stress), then the rates are no longer equal and the system is not at equilibrium. The system will subsequently experience a net reaction in the direction of a greater rate (a shift) that will re-establish the equilibrium. This phenomenon is summarized by Le...
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Thermodynamics: Activity Coefficient01:24

Thermodynamics: Activity Coefficient

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Activity is the measure of the effective concentration of the species in solution. It can be expressed as the product of the molar concentration of the species and its activity coefficient. The activity coefficient is a dimensionless quantity and depends on the total ionic strength of the solution.
The activity coefficient is a measure of the deviation from ideal behavior. When the ionic strength of the solution is minimal, the activity coefficient of an ionic species is close to unity, making...
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Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
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Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature02:19

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature

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Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
 
Since this is an elementary reaction,...
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Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

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Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their...
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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热力学度不平等和贸易折扣关系

Yoshihiko Hasegawa1, Tomohiro Nishiyama2

  • 1Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, <a href="https://ror.org/057zh3y96">The University of Tokyo</a>, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Physical review letters
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PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

更快,更精确的物理过程需要更高的热力学成本. 本研究介绍了热力学度不平等,概括了现有的权衡关系,并阐明了它们在量子和经典系统中的作用.

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科学领域:

  • 热力学是一种热力学.
  • 统计力学 统计力学
  • 量子信息理论 量子信息理论

背景情况:

  • 热力学权衡关系,如热力学不确定性关系和速度限制,突出了物理过程的固有成本.
  • 这些关系往往来自信息不平等,但度不平等的作用仍未得到充分研究.

研究的目的:

  • 开发量子和经典马尔科夫过程的热力学度不等式.
  • 根据这些新的不平等,推导出基于这些新的不平等的概括热力学权衡关系.

主要方法:

  • 新型热力学度不平等的发展.
  • 推导通用限速和热力学不确定性关系的推导.

主要成果:

  • 建立了量子和经典马尔科夫过程中可观测物分布的边界.
  • 引入了一套新的权衡关系,将现有概念通用化.
  • 证明这些关系在最小的假设下成立.

结论:

  • 澄清了热力学中的度不等式的意义.
  • 为发现新的热力学权衡关系铺平了道路.