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相关概念视频

Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

The electron transport chain is a crucial metabolic pathway facilitating energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes that mediate a series of redox reactions located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes. These complexes function by transferring electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to terminal electron acceptors, including oxygen in aerobic respiration...
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

1
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
1
Microbial Nutrition01:28

Microbial Nutrition

Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

16.0K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
97.2K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

11.1K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
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Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

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蛋白质组是一个终端电子受体.

Avi I Flamholz1, Akshit Goyal2,3, Woodward W Fischer4

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 3, 2025
PubMed
概括

微生物的新陈代谢通过灵活的资源分配来适应营养的可用性. 这项研究揭示了氧化还原平衡如何影响微生物生长和基因组进化,有利于与营养氧化还原状态相匹配的蛋白质.

关键词:
环境科学 环境科学代谢 代谢 代谢 代谢微生物生理学 微生物生理学蛋白质的进化 蛋白质的进化氧化复原化学 氧化复原化学

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Characterizing Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer in Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Three-Electrode, Two-Chamber Bioelectrochemical System
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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 微生物生理学 微生物生理学
  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学

背景情况:

  • 微生物的新陈代谢表现出了显著的灵活性,适应各种营养的氧化还原状态.
  • 像大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli) 这样的生物利用各种发酵和呼吸策略来生长.
  • 了解这种代谢灵活性的极限和进化影响至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一个数学框架,整合氧化还原化学和细胞资源分配.
  • 通过不同的代谢策略 (呼吸,发酵,光合作用) 建模微生物生长.
  • 研究代谢灵活性和氧化还原匹配的进化后果.

主要方法:

  • 开发了一个粗的数学模型,将氧化还原化学与资源分配结合起来.
  • 呼吸,发酵和光合作用的综合模型.
  • 分析了约6万个基因组和蛋白质组数据集.

主要成果:

  • 由于细胞内碳减排的约束,已证明的自营菌的生长速度比异营菌慢.
  • 预测,当生物质的氧化还原状态与营养环境相匹配时,异质性生长会改善.
  • 发现了蛋白质中氨基酸替代的证据,促进了不同数据集的氧化还原匹配.

结论:

  • 代谢灵活性受到细胞内过程和营养物的氧化还原状态的限制.
  • 基因组进化可能有利于替代,提供全人口级别的氧化回收化学效益.
  • 反氧匹配代表了蛋白质进化的意想不到的驱动力.