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The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

5.9K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
5.9K
Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

4.5K
Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
4.5K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.3K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.3K
The Representativeness Heuristic02:13

The Representativeness Heuristic

15.8K
The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
15.8K
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

95
The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
95
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

77
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
77

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

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产生遥远的类比增加了隐喻的生产.

Tim George1, Andriana L Christofalos2, Felix S Pambuccian3

  • 1Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, 7600 Baltimore Ave, College Park, MD, 20740, USA. tgeorge3@umd.edu.

Psychonomic bulletin & review
|January 3, 2025
PubMed
概括

诱导一种关系思维方式增加了隐喻的使用. 对抽象类比进行推理的参与者在描述具有更多特征的主题时更有可能使用创造性的隐喻.

关键词:
相似之处是相似之处.形象语言是一种比喻语言.隐喻是一种比喻.关系型思维 关系型思维

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Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension
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Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

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A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
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A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
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Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

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Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension
06:49

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

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A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
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A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 语言学的语言学.
  • 认知科学 认知科学

背景情况:

  • 隐喻的理解是很好的研究,但自发的隐喻的生产是不太了解.
  • 关于类比的推理可以培养一种关系心态,强调抽象的相似之处.
  • 这种思维方式可能会影响创造性的语言使用,包括隐喻.

研究的目的:

  • 调查诱导关系思维是否会增加产生隐喻的倾向.
  • 探索类型类比 (跨域与域内) 对隐喻制作的影响.
  • 检查主题复杂性 (特征数量) 如何与关系思维相互作用以影响隐喻的使用.

主要方法:

  • 参与者解决了跨领域 (高关系思维) 或域内 (控制) 的类比.
  • 参与者总结了提出的主题,用一个或三个特征.
  • 隐喻语言的使用量化在总结短语.

主要成果:

  • 隐喻语言的使用随着主题特征的数量增加而增加.
  • 高关系思维条件显示了使用隐喻的频率特别高.
  • 这表明,关系思维诱导促进了抽象的比较和创造性的语言.

结论:

  • 诱导一种关系思维方式可以增强自发的隐喻生产.
  • 通过类比推理专注于抽象的相似之处,促进了创造性的语言.
  • 话题复杂性和关系思维方式相互作用,影响隐喻表达.