2型糖尿病老年患者的饮食模式和慢性病之间的关联:基于社区的横截面研究
Ling Cao1,2, Peng Yu3, Lei Zhang3
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Nutrition journal
|January 3, 2025
概括
富含水果,乳制品和海鲜的均衡饮食可能会降低患有2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的中国老年患者慢性病 (CKD) 的风险. 然而,不均衡的饮食与更高的CKD患病率有关.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學.
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 慢性病 (CKD) 是患有2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的老年患者的重大健康问题.
- 在这个人口群体中,饮食模式对CKD的具体影响仍未得到充分探索.
- 这项研究侧重于中国老年T2DM患者,以调查这种关系.
研究的目的:
- 检查不同饮食模式与CKD患病率之间的关联.
- 确定特定的饮食习惯,可以防止或促进老年T2DM患者的CKD发展.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及中国苏州5713名老年T2DM患者 (≥65岁) 的横截面研究.
- 通过基于食物频率问卷数据的因子分析确定了饮食模式.
- 结核病是由白尿和/或降低估计的球过率 (eGFR) 定义的;逻辑回归分析了与饮食模式四分位数的关联.
主要成果:
- 在研究参与者中,CKD患病率为45.7%.
- "均衡"的饮食模式 (高摄入水果,乳制品,蛋,海鲜) 与明显较低的CKD患病率相关 (OR=0.73;95% CI:0.62-0.86).
- 一种"不平衡"的饮食模式 (高度精制的谷物,红肉,低多样性) 显示了增加CKD患病率的趋势 (OR=1.25;95%CI:1.07-1.46).
结论:
- 饮食模式与中国老年T2DM患者中CKD患病率有显著的相关性.
- 采用"均衡"的饮食模式,与当地的饮食习惯保持一致,可能会降低CKD风险.
- 需要进一步的研究,包括纵向和干预研究,以证实这些发现.
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