土地使用变化持续降低了蜂群的α-但不是β-和γ-多样性
Toby P N Tsang1,2, A A Amado De Santis3,4, Gabriela Armas-Quiñonez5
1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Global change biology
|January 4, 2025
概括
农业和城市土地使用在当地范围内显著减少了蜜蜂的多样性. 农业扩张对大规模蜜蜂的多样性构成重大威胁,影响了跨多个空间维度的分类学和遗传学措施.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 生物多样性科学 生物多样性科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 土地利用变化,包括农业和城市化,是全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素.
- 土地利用对生物多样性的影响往往在地方范围内进行评估 (α-多样性),对区域 (γ-多样性) 和社区组成 (β-多样性) 的影响的理解较少.
- 以前的研究经常集中在分类学多样性上,可能忽视了其他关键组成部分的差异反应,例如族系遗传多样性.
研究的目的:
- 研究农业和城市土地利用对蜜蜂的分类学和遗传学多样性的影响,跨越α,β和γ空间尺度.
- 为了比较不同土地使用类型对蜜蜂多样性指标的影响.
- 评估土地利用变化如何影响多个空间分辨率的生物多样性的不同方面.
主要方法:
- 利用了一个多大洲数据集,包括来自157项研究的3117个蜜蜂组合.
- 分析了农业和城市息地相对于自然息地的分类学和遗传学α,β和γ多样性的变化.
- 量化多样性指标来比较土地使用影响.
主要成果:
- 在农业和城市地区,分类学上的α-多样性减少了16%-18%; 遗传学上的α-多样性减少了11%-12%.
- 在城市息地 (分别为11%和6%) 中,分类学和遗传学β多样性增加,但在农业息地没有显示出系统的变化.
- 农业用地导致分类学上的g-多样性 (22%) 和基因组的g-多样性 (17%) 显著下降;与自然息地相比,城市息地在g-多样性上没有显著差异.
结论:
- 农业扩张对大规模蜜蜂的多样性构成重大威胁,主要是通过系统性下降的g-多样性.
- 虽然城市化和农业都减少了α-多样性,但它们对β-和γ-多样性的影响不同,这强调了对土地利用变化影响进行多层面分析的必要性.
- 了解这些依赖规模的效应对于有效的保护策略至关重要,这些策略针对授粉者和在土地使用压力不断增加的情况下更广泛的生物多样性.
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