当自动化失败时 - 在多任务方案中研究认知稳定性和灵活性
Sophie-Marie Stasch1, Wolfgang Mack1
1Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany.
Applied ergonomics
|January 4, 2025
概括
认知控制模式和自动化可靠性影响多任务处理. 灵活的控制有助于性能可靠的自动化,而稳定的控制有助于手动接管不可靠的自动化.
科学领域:
- 人与计算机的互动.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 自动化和控制系统自动化和控制系统
背景情况:
- 由于有限的认知资源,多任务性能下降.
- 任务优先级,一个关键的认知控制功能,受到稳定性-灵活性困境的影响.
- 之前的研究集中在手动多任务处理上,使得与自动化可靠性的相互作用未被充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 研究认知控制模式 (稳定性-灵活性) 与多任务自动化可靠性之间的相互作用.
- 为了确定这些因素如何影响表现,眼睛跟踪指标和心理工作负载.
- 为人机交互的自适应辅助系统的设计提供信息.
主要方法:
- 参与者参与多任务方案,涉及不同程度的自动化可靠性.
- 操纵认知控制模式以评估它们对表现的影响.
- 收集了眼睛跟踪和主观工作负载指标.
主要成果:
- 在单个多任务性能上,控制模式和自动化可靠性之间没有显著的相互作用.
- 灵活的认知控制通过可靠的自动化提高了整体性能.
- 稳定的认知控制改善了手动接管与不可靠的自动化,但降低了次要任务的性能.
- 认知控制模式和自动化可靠性独立地影响了眼睛跟踪和心理工作量.
结论:
- 适应式辅助系统应考虑认知控制模式和自动化可靠性,特别是在感知阶段.
- 根据操作员的认知控制策略定制自动化支持可以提高人机系统的安全性.
- 了解自动化环境中的稳定性-灵活性困境对于有效的人机合作至关重要.
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