从自我报告的症状中早期发现主观认知衰退:一种可解释的注意力成本融合方法
Simon Bin Akter1, Sumya Akter1, Rakibul Hasan2
1Martin Tuchman School of Management, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, 07102, NJ, USA.
Journal of biomedical informatics
|January 5, 2025
概括
一个人工智能模型有效地使用健康和人口数据检测主观认知衰退 (SCD). 注意力成本卷积神经网络 (AC-CNN) 在识别有风险的个体方面显示出更高的准确性,即使使用不平衡的数据集.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 公共卫生数据分析
背景情况:
- 主观认知衰退 (SCD) 为早期检测带来了挑战,原因是其自我报告的性质和缺乏明确的医学测试.
- 人工智能通过分析各种自我报告的因素,为早期SCD检测提供了一个有希望的途径.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证基于人工智能的框架,用于早期检测主观认知衰退 (SCD).
- 为了解决与SCD风险相关的数据集固有的显著类失衡.
主要方法:
- 利用BRFSS 2021数据集用于AI模型开发,结合自我报告的健康,人格和社会人口统计数据.
- 引入了一种新的加权融合选择 (WFS) 方法来选择特征以管理类不平衡.
- 开发了一个注意力成本卷积神经网络 (AC-CNN),具有道智能的注意力和成本敏感的学习,以提高不平衡数据的性能.
主要成果:
- AC-CNN模型以77%的特异性和81%的灵敏度实现了平衡的性能,产生了0.87.7的AUC-ROC.
- 与之前的研究相比,在处理阶级不平衡方面表现出24.8%的改善.
- 在NHIS 2022数据集上验证了AC-CNN的概括性和稳定性,优于其他不稳定的模型.
结论:
- 莎普利添加剂分析 (SHAP) 确定了SCD的关键预测因素,包括抑郁症,低教育,收入,医疗保健不足和整体健康状况不佳.
- 人工智能框架提供了对SCD风险预测贡献因素的见解.
- 突出了人工智能在理解和减轻主观认知衰退方面的潜力.
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