美国中西部玉米的最佳肥率正在增加
Mitchell E Baum1, John E Sawyer2, Emerson D Nafziger3
1Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. mebaum@iastate.edu.
Nature communications
|January 5, 2025
概括
美国玉米生产的最佳肥率已经增加,产量和气损失也随之增加. 适应环境最佳率可能会略微降低玉米产量,但减少气损失.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 农业学是一种农业学.
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 优化化肥对于玉米的生产力和可持续性至关重要.
- 肥的使用率会影响作物产量,经济回报和环境气损失.
- 了解经济和环境最佳率之间的动态关系对于现代农业至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定1991年至2021年美国玉米生产的经济和环境最佳率的趋势.
- 量化从经济向环境最佳率的转变对玉米产量和气损失的影响.
- 突出需要改进对最佳率的评估,以平衡生产力和环境保护.
主要方法:
- 来自379个长期和176个短期关于美国玉米生产的实验的综合数据集的分析.
- 基于肥料和谷物价格计算经济最佳率.
- 环境最佳率的估计,包括损失的社会成本.
主要成果:
- 美国玉米的经济最佳率在1991年至2021年间增加了2.7公斤N ha-1 yr-1 (1.2%每年).
- 这种经济最佳率的增加与粮食产量和气损失的增加同时发生.
- 将的应用从经济最佳率减少到环境最佳率可以使美国玉米的生产率降低6%,同时略有减少的损失.
结论:
- 由于经济和环境因素不断变化,玉米的肥策略需要不断重新评估.
- 转向环境最佳率,在最大限度地提高产量和最大限度地减少污染之间进行了权衡.
- 提高经济和环境最佳率的可预测性对于可持续的玉米生产和减少环境影响至关重要.
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