足球比赛期间的高峰赛跑速度:分析高峰赛前后的速度动态
Hugo Silva1,2, Fábio Yuzo Nakamura1,2, Ghazi Racil3
1Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal.
Biology of sport
|January 6, 2025
概括
精英足球运动员从飞行开始时达到峰值比赛速度,从大约10公里/小时加速. 峰值后减速比加速更快,强调需要训练强烈的减速.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 了解足球中最大的体力劳动对于性能优化至关重要.
- 以前的研究通常依赖于标准化冲刺测试,这可能不反映游戏中的动态.
- 在实际比赛中描述速度概况提供了生态有效的见解.
研究的目的:
- 分析精英足球运动员在20秒窗口内围绕峰值匹配速度的速度特征.
- 为了比较加速和减速模式相对于最大速度在比赛期间.
- 通过反映真实匹配的物理需求,为培训方法提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 设备在六场比赛中监控20名精英足球运动员.
- 在确定峰值匹配速度之前和之后10秒内以0.1秒间隔 (10Hz) 记录单个速度.
- 雇员对应平均差异与效果大小和置信区间,以评估个体内速度变化.
主要成果:
- 匹配的最高速度在每小时29.11至31.64公里之间.
- 在峰值前4秒发生显著的中度加速 (ES:0.68),在峰值后3秒发生中度减速 (ES: -0.73).
- 玩家从每小时10公里加速,减速的速度比加速的速度快,往往没有完全停止.
结论:
- 精英足球运动员在动态的"飞行启动"条件下达到峰值速度,而不是静态的冲刺.
- 训练应包括强烈的加速和减速演练,模仿比赛要求.
- 了解这些速度概况可以提高球员的准备和伤害预防策略.
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