酒精使用者与非酒精使用者的奖励相关决策策略之间的受损仲裁:一项计算建模研究
Srinivasan A Ramakrishnan1,2, Riaz B Shaik2, Tamizharasan Kanagamani3
1Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers - School of Health Professions, Piscataway, NJ USA.
NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience
|January 6, 2025
概括
经常饮酒会影响决策,减少对选择的灵活控制. 酒精使用者表现出较少的目标导向行为和增加的风险承担,特别是高回报,表明潜在的元控制缺陷.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 决策涉及到习惯性 (无模型) 和目标导向 (基于模型) 控制之间的平衡.
- 基于模型的控制通常在高回报的情况下得到增强,以优化结果.
- 经常饮酒可能会影响奖励敏感性和决策策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查频繁的酒精使用者如何在不同的奖励大小下在无模型和基于模型的控制之间进行仲裁.
- 评估不同奖励风险的酒精使用者和非使用者的风险敏感性.
- 探索基于模型的控制与频繁饮酒者的冒险行为之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对81名参与者 (47名酒精使用者,34名非使用者) 进行了修改的2步强化学习任务,具有低和高奖励条件.
- 一个双系统的强化学习模型 (最大后期装配) 量化了基于模型的控制.
- 一个实用模型评估了低风险和高风险试验的风险敏感性.
主要成果:
- 在高回报与低回报条件下,非酒精使用者表现出基于模型的控制力增加;酒精使用者没有显示这种差异.
- 在高回报条件下,这两组都不那么厌恶风险.
- 酒精使用者在高回报条件下比非使用者风险不大.
- 较大的基于模型的控制与酒精使用者的风险敏感度较低相关.
结论:
- 经常使用酒精的人表现出不那么灵活的决策,未能根据奖励大小调整控制策略.
- 酒精使用者表现出更高的风险倾向,特别是在高风险的场景中.
- 研究结果表明,频繁饮酒者之间的元控制可能受到损害,这会影响因奖励变化而导致的适应性行为.
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