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在伏尔加河瓦林斯克的新石器墓地
David W Anthony1, A A Khokhlov2, S A Agapov3
1Hartwick College, emeritus; & Harvard University, Human Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, MA.
概括
哈瓦林斯克墓地对于了解亚姆纳亚文化起源至关重要,它揭示了融合了北方和南方元素的融合社会. 遗传和文物分析证实了它的杂交性质和在草原文化进化中的作用.
科学领域:
- 考古学的考古学
- 古代DNA研究研究 古代DNA研究
- 史前欧洲文化 史前欧洲文化
背景情况:
- 亚玛尼亚文化的起源和性质是了解公元前三千年跨越北欧亚的迁徙的关键.
- 关键的考古遗址,如赫瓦林斯克墓地,对于亚姆纳亚文化演变至关重要,但缺乏广泛的西方语言出版物.
- 克瓦林斯克墓地,可以追溯到公元前4500-4300年,是唐-伏尔加-乌拉尔草原开采的最大的新石器时期墓地.
研究的目的:
- 从俄语出版物中汇编和呈现信息,并直接对赫瓦林斯克墓地进行考古输入.
- 分析赫瓦林斯克文化作为亚姆纳亚文化发展的先驱和有影响力的实体的作用.
- 通过遗传,骨,文物和仪式证据调查赫瓦林斯克文化的综合性.
主要方法:
- 从俄罗斯考古学报告和与挖掘员的直接采访中收集数据.
- 分析放射性碳年代,铜组件,动物祭祀和石.
- 人类骨的古代DNA分析用于人口遗传学和家庭关系研究.
- 面分析和与当代草原和农业文化的比较研究.
主要成果:
- 赫瓦林斯克产生了公元前第五千年最大的铜汇集,在草原上留下了大量的动物祭祀遗迹.
- 发现了四个抛光的石,象征着墓地内的社会融合.
- 古代DNA和面研究揭示了赫瓦林斯克是一个混合文化,融合了北方和南方的人口和影响.
- 墓地显示了社会细分和融合的证据,有明显的北方和南方元素.
结论:
- 赫瓦林斯克代表了一个融合的文化,对于理解后来的亚姆纳亚文化的遗传和文化基础至关重要.
- 这些发现突出了草原牧民和史前欧亚的农业社区之间的复杂相互作用.
- 石是赫瓦林斯克社会中统一和融合的象征.
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