通过管理野生动物贸易的监管框架来防止动物传染性溢出:范围审查
Raphael Aguiar1,2,3, Ryan Gray2, Eduardo Gallo-Cajiao4
1School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
PloS one
|January 6, 2025
概括
野生动物贸易法规不一致,增加了动物传染病溢出风险. 协调全球和国家规则对于预防流行病和协调野生动物贸易监督至关重要.
科学领域:
- 一个健康,一个健康.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 野生动物贸易对全球生物多样性和人类健康构成重大风险,包括动物传染病溢出事件的可能性增加,这可能导致大流行.
- 了解管理野生动物贸易的复杂机构反应和法规网络对于制定有效的动物传染病溢出预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查和分析来自同行评审的研究和灰色文献的经验证据,以监管国内和国际野生动物贸易的监管方法.
- 评估地方,国家和全球机构在防止与野生动物贸易有关的动物性传播和感染传播方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 一个五阶段的范围审查协议 (Arksey和O'Malley) 用于绘制关键概念和证据来源.
- 包括标准集中在野生动物市场的监管方法,传统医学,异国情调物,进口,供应链和机构角色.
- 系统的搜索产生了1598个来源,其中32个来源 (30个研究,2个灰色文献报告) 包含在最终分析中.
主要成果:
- 发表的文献揭示了野生动物贸易法规中的重大不一致性,无论是在国家内部还是国家之间.
- 监管机构往往具有相互竞争的利益,导致监管分散,缺乏协调,以及国家遵守国际标准的挑战.
- 动物传染病溢出事件的可能性与野生动物贸易法规的有效性直接相关.
结论:
- 迫切需要加强对管理野生动物贸易的国家和超国家法规的协调.
- 改善机构之间的协调和合作是有效预防动物感染和溢出疾病的必要条件.
- 未来的研究应该集中在信息共享的有效性和全球和国家一级的协调法规,以减轻流行病风险.
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