灰狼 (Canis lupus) 在匈牙利的重新殖民:掠食风险是否影响红鹿 (Cervus elaphus) 种群?
Zsolt Biró1, Krisztián Katona1, László Szabó1
1Institute for Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|January 8, 2025
概括
灰狼 (Canis lupus) 正在返回匈牙利,影响红鹿 (Cervus elaphus) 种群. 研究表明,狼已经扩大了它们的范围,但没有显著地影响鹿的身体状况或压力水平.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物生物学 野生动物生物学
- 保护科学 保护科学
背景情况:
- 由于息地丧失和人类活动,大型食肉动物种群在全球范围内有所减少.
- 灰狼 (Canis lupus) 在欧洲出现了恢复的迹象,自20世纪90年代以来,它在匈牙利再次出现.
- 红鹿 (Cervus elaphus) 和野猪 (Sus scrofa) 是中东欧狼的主要猎物.
研究的目的:
- 调查重新引入的狼种群对匈牙利当地红鹿种群的影响.
- 评估在有或没有狼存在的地区红鹿身体状况和压力水平的变化.
- 在匈牙利北部山区绘制狼的分布图.
主要方法:
- 用游戏经理的问卷调查对狼的分布进行映射.
- 通过脏脂肪和骨髓指数评估红鹿的身体状况.
- 在红鹿便样本中分析压力激素水平 (皮质醇).
- 狼殖民和对照地点之间的身体状况和压力水平的比较.
主要成果:
- 自2014年以来,匈牙利北部山区狼的分布有所增加.
- 较低的压力激素水平在来自无狼地面地点的便样本中被发现,但不是从狩猎动物的样本中发现的.
- 在有狼和没有狼的地区之间,没有观察到身体状况指数 (脏脂肪和骨髓脂肪) 的显著差异.
结论:
- 匈牙利最近的狼群并没有对红鹿的身体状况或压力水平产生很大的影响.
- 可能需要进一步的研究来了解狼群继续建立的长期生态影响.
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