在基于费舍尔信息的项目响应理论中对海伍德案例的定义
Jay Verkuilen1, Peter J Johnson1
1Ph.D. Program in Educational Psychology, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 8, 2025
概括
隐性变量模型中的海伍德案例表明了严重的问题. 使用项目响应理论衍生和信息指标的新方法提供一致的识别,绕过有问题的参数估计.
科学领域:
- 心理测量和统计建模
- 量化心理学 量化心理学
- 教育测量教育的测量
背景情况:
- 海伍德案例或不当解决方案在潜在变量模型中很常见,例如因子分析和物品响应理论 (IRT).
- 这些案例标志着潜在的问题,例如模型识别不良或错误的规范,影响准确的评分.
- 在IRT中识别问题项的传统方法,如检查大型歧视参数,对于较新的复杂模型来说是不够的.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种强大且一致的方法,用于在潜在变量模型中识别海伍德病例.
- 在先进的IRT模型中,为主观图形方法和可能无法解释的参数估计提供替代方案.
- 为检测模型错误规范和识别问题提供具体指标.
主要方法:
- 使用项目响应函数 (IRF) 和项目费舍尔信息函数的衍生函数.
- 引入了一种新型指标,即总信息 (IFTI) 的项目分数分解.
- 将这些方法应用于不对称物品响应理论 (AsymIRT) 和名义响应模型.
主要成果:
- 提出的方法,包括IFTI,提供了一种更具体和更一致的方式来识别海伍德病例.
- 这些技术有效地绕过了解释可能有问题的参数估计的需要.
- 经验示例证明了该方法在识别AsymIRT和名义响应模型中的问题的实用性.
结论:
- 与传统的参数扫描相比,衍生和基于信息的指标为识别海伍德病例提供了更好的方法.
- 在复杂的心理测量分析中,IFTI指标为确保模型完整性提供了有价值的工具.
- 这项研究提高了潜变量建模的可靠性,为有问题的解决方案提供了改进的诊断.
相关概念视频
00:57Behrens–Fisher Test
66
The Behrens-Fisher test is a statistical method designed to address the Behrens-Fisher problem, which arises when comparing the means of two normally distributed populations with unequal variances. Unlike the Student's t-test, which assumes equal variances, the Behrens-Fisher test allows for mean comparison without this restrictive assumption. This flexibility makes it particularly valuable in scenarios where two independent samples exhibit normality but lack variance homogeneity.
This test...
This test...
66
01:08Fisher's Exact Test
339
Fisher's exact test is a statistical significance test widely used to analyze 2x2 contingency tables, particularly in situations where sample sizes are small. Unlike the chi-squared test, which approximates P-values and assumes minimum expected frequencies of at least five in each cell, Fisher's exact test calculates the exact probability (P-value) of observing the data or more extreme results under the null hypothesis. This feature makes it especially valuable when the assumptions of...
339
01:53Cause and Effect
10.9K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
10.9K
01:08The Availability Heuristic
5.9K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
5.9K
01:19Expected Frequencies in Goodness-of-Fit Tests
2.5K
A goodness-of-fit test is conducted to determine whether the observed frequency values are statistically similar to the frequencies expected for the dataset. Suppose the expected frequencies for a dataset are equal such as when predicting the frequency of any number appearing when casting a die. In that case, the expected frequency is the ratio of the total number of observations (n) to the number of categories (k).
2.5K
01:21Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks
144
Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks is a nonparametric test designed to identify differences across multiple test attempts when traditional assumptions of normality and equal variances do not apply. Unlike conventional ANOVA, which requires normally distributed data with equal variances, Friedman's test is ideal for ordinal or non-normally distributed data, making it particularly useful for analyzing dependent samples, such as matched subjects over time or repeated measures...
144