微生物群和细胞因子调节:在增强抗癌免疫力和个性化癌症治疗方面的创新
Hamidreza Farhadi Rad1, Hamed Tahmasebi2, Samaneh Javani3
1Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
Biomedicines
|January 8, 2025
概括
肠道微生物群影响癌症免疫力和治疗有效性. 通过便微生物种移植等方法调节肠道微生物群,为增强抗癌疗法和克服耐药性提供了一个有希望的途径.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 肠道微生物群显著影响抗癌免疫力和免疫疗法和化疗等疗法的疗效.
- 特定的肠道细菌可以通过改变免疫反应来促进瘤生长 (例如,Fusobacterium nucleatum) 或抑制瘤 (例如,Faecalibaculum rodentium).
- 细胞因子起着双重作用,其中一些促进瘤发育 (TGF-β,IL-6,IL-10) 和其他增强抗瘤免疫力 (IL-12,IFN-γ).
研究的目的:
- 探索肠道微生物组与抗癌免疫之间的复杂关系.
- 研究微生物代谢物和特定细菌菌株如何影响免疫反应和治疗结果.
- 突出微生物组调制作为瘤学治疗策略的潜力.
主要方法:
- 审查有关肠道微生物群组成及其对癌症发展和治疗的影响现有文献.
- 分析特定细菌物种和微生物代谢物 (例如短链脂肪酸) 在调节瘤微环境中的作用.
- 检查益生菌和便微生物群移植 (FMT) 对免疫细胞激活和治疗疗效的影响.
主要成果:
- 多样化的肠道微生物群与改善的免疫治疗反应,增加瘤透细胞毒性T细胞和增强的T细胞激活有关.
- 微生物代谢物和特定的细菌 (例如, *Lactobacillus rhamnosus*, *Bifidobacterium bifidum*) 可以增强细胞因子的产生,并提高免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 的疗效.
- 便微生物群移植 (FMT) 已通过提高CD8+T细胞活性并可能克服ICI耐药性来改善某些癌症 (如黑色素瘤) 的结果.
结论:
- 肠道微生物组是抗癌免疫的关键调节者,也是治疗成功的决定因素.
- 通过诸如益生菌或FMT等干预措施,准肠道微生物群是新型癌症治疗的可行策略.
- 微生物组修饰具有个性化瘤学的潜力,旨在优化治疗疗效和克服治疗耐药性.
更多相关视频
07:55Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
Published on: January 17, 2025
639
07:32Author Spotlight: Investigating Immune Cell Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment — Challenges and Innovations in Cancer Prognosis
Published on: April 12, 2024
1.2K
相关概念视频
Tumor Immunotherapy
472
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
472
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
4.8K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
4.8K
The Tumor Microenvironment
6.5K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
6.5K
Cancer Vaccines
337
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
337
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Cancer Therapies
7.5K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
7.5K
