寻找子和选择果:发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 儿童的执行功能挑战
Soraya Sanhueza1, Mabel Urrutia2, Hipólito Marrero3
1Facultad de Humanidades y Arte, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 8, 2025
概括
发展性语言障碍 (DLD) 的学前儿童表现出工作记忆 (WM) 和持续注意力 (SA) 缺陷. 早期识别这些认知差异对于理解超越语言障碍的DLD至关重要.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 语音语言病理学 语音语言病理学
背景情况:
- 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 通常与工作记忆 (WM) 和持续注意力 (SA) 等认知缺陷有关.
- 这些认知方面对于语言发展至关重要,但在患有DLD的学龄前儿童中未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 在智利的DLD学龄前儿童中调查WM和SA,与典型发育 (TD) 同龄人相比.
- 使用儿童神经心理评估测试 (TENI) 的非语言任务进行评估.
主要方法:
- 30名患有DLD的学龄前儿童和30名TD同龄人 (4-4岁11个月) 参加.
- 进行了评估WM ("Torpo the Clumsy Mole") 和SA ("Duno and the Worms") 的非语言任务.
- 测量了认知任务的准确性和反应时间.
主要成果:
- 患有DLD的儿童在工作记忆任务中表现出明显较低的准确性.
- 患有DLD的学龄前儿童在持续注意力任务中也表现出较差的准确性.
- 尽管存在精度缺陷,但患有DLD的儿童在持续注意力任务上反应时间更快.
结论:
- 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 涉及到语言以外的认知缺陷,特别是WM和SA.
- 早期识别这些执行职能差异对于全面了解DLD至关重要.
- 研究结果强调了早期儿童执行功能和语言发展之间的联系.
更多相关视频
06:15Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
Published on: October 3, 2018
7.7K
10:11Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
Published on: December 14, 2012
18.4K
相关概念视频
Language and Cognition
321
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
321
Learning Disabilities
84
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
84
Information Processing Approach
30
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
30
Language Development
317
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
317
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
729
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
729
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
36
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
36
